======ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES======

=====ORALS=====

^   Drugs by Class  ^  Properties  ^  Initial Dose  ^  Dosage Range (mg)  ^
^  β-Adrenergic Antagonists  ^^^^
| Atenolol | Selective | 50 mg PO daily | 25-100 |
| Betaxolol | Selective | 10 mg PO daily | 5-40 |
| Bisoprolol | Selective | 5 mg PO daily | 2.5-20 |
| Metoprolol | Selective | 50 mg PO bid | 50-450 |
| Metoprolol XL | Selective | 50-100 mg PO daily | 50-400 |
| Nebivolol | Selective with vasodilatory properties | 5 mg PO daily | 5-40 |
| Nadolol | Nonselective | 40 mg PO daily | 20-240 |
| Propranolol | Nonselective | 40 mg PO bid | 40-240 |
| Propranolol LA | Nonselective | 80 mg PO daily | 60-240 |
| Timolol | Nonselective | 10 mg PO bid | 20-40 |
| Pindolol | ISA | 5 mg PO daily | 10-60 |
| Labetalol | α- and β-antagonist properties | 100 mg PO bid | 200-1200 |
| Carvedilol | α- and β-antagonist properties | 6.25 mg PO bid | 12.5-50 |
| Carvedilol CR | α- and β-antagonist properties | 10 mg PO daily | 10-80 |
| Acebutolol | ISA, selective | 200 mg PO bid, 400 mg PO daily | 200-1200 |
^  Calcium Channel Antagonists  ^^^^
| Amlodipine | DHP | 5 mg PO daily | 2.5-10 |
| Diltiazem || 30 mg PO qid | 90-360 |
| Diltiazem LA || 180 mg PO daily | 120-540 |
| Diltiazem CD || 180 mg PO daily | 120-480 |
| Diltiazem XR || 180 mg PO daily | 120-540 |
| Diltiazem XT || 180 mg PO daily | 120-480 |
| Isradipine | DHP | 2.5 mg PO bid | 2.5-10 |
| Nicardipine | DHP | 20 mg PO tid | 60-120 |
| Nifedipine | DHP | 10 mg PO tid | 30-120 |
| Nifedipine XL (or CC) | DHP | 30 mg PO daily | 30-90 |
| Nisoldipine | DHP | 20 mg PO daily | 20-40 |
| Verapamil | | 80 mg PO tid | 80-480 |
| Verapamil SR || 120 mg PO daily | 120-480 |
^  Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors  ^^^^
| Benazepril || 10 mg PO bid | 10-40 |
| Captopril || 25 mg PO bid-tid | 50-450 |
| Enalapril || 5 mg PO daily | 2.5-40 |
| Fosinopril || 10 mg PO daily | 10-40 |
| Lisinopril || 10 mg PO daily | 5-40 |
| Moexipril || 7.5 mg PO daily | 7.5-30 |
| Quinapril || 10 mg PO daily | 5-80 |
| Ramipril || 2.5 mg PO daily | 1.25-20 |
| Trandolapril || 1-2 mg PO daily | 1-4 |
| Perindopril || 4 mg PO daily | 2-16 |
^  Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers  ^^^^
| Azilsartan || 40 mg PO daily | 40-80 |
| Candesartan || 8 mg PO daily | 8-32 |
| Eprosartan || 600 mg PO daily | 600-800 |
| Irbesartan || 150 mg PO daily | 150-300 |
| Olmesartan || 20 mg PO daily | 20-40 |
| Losartan || 50 mg PO daily | 25-100 |
| Telmisartan || 40 mg PO daily | 20-80 |
| Valsartan || 80 mg PO daily | 80-320 |
^  Direct Renin Inhibitors  ^^^^
| Aliskiren || 150 mg PO daily | 150-300 |
^  Diuretics  ^^^^
| Chlorthalidone | Thiazide diuretic | 25 mg PO daily | 12.5-50 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Thiazide diuretic | 12.5 mg PO daily | 12.5-50 |
| Hydroflumethiazide | Thiazide diuretic | 50 mg PO daily | 50-100 |
| Indapamide | Thiazide diuretic | 1.25 mg PO daily | 2.5-5 |
| Methyclothiazide | Thiazide diuretic | 2.5 mg PO daily | 2.5-5 |
| Metolazone | Thiazide diuretic | 2.5 mg PO daily | 1.25-5 |
| Bumetanide | Loop diuretic | 0.5 mg PO daily (or IV) | 0.5-5 |
| Ethacrynic acid | Loop diuretic | 50 mg PO daily (or IV) | 25-100 |
| Furosemide | Loop diuretic | 20 mg PO daily (or IV) | 20-320 |
| Torsemide | Loop diuretic | 5 mg PO daily (or IV) | 5-10 |
| Amiloride | Potassium-sparing diuretic | 5 mg PO daily | 5-10 |
| Triamterene | Potassium-sparing diuretic | 50 mg PO bid | 50-200 |
| Eplerenone | Aldosterone antagonist | 25 mg PO daily | 25-100 |
| Spironolactone | Aldosterone antagonist | 25 mg PO daily | 25-100 |
^  α-Adrenergic Antagonists  ^^^^
| Doxazosin || 1 mg PO daily | 1-16 |
| Prazosin || 1 mg PO bid-tid | 1-20 |
| Terazosin || 1 mg PO at bedtime | 1-20 |
^  Centrally Acting Adrenergic Agents  ^^^^
| Clonidine || 0.1 mg PO bid | 0.1-1.2 |
| Clonidine patch || TTS 1/wk (equivalent to 0.1 mg/d release) | 0.1-0.3 |
| Guanfacine || 1 mg PO daily | 1-3 |
| Guanabenz || 4 mg PO bid | 1-64 |
| Methyldopa || 250 mg PO bid-tid | 250-2000 |
^  Direct-Acting Vasodilators  ^^^^
| Hydralazine || 10 mg PO qid | 50-300 |
| Minoxidil || 5 mg PO daily | 2.5-100 |
^  Miscellaneous  ^^^^
| Reserpine || 0.5 mg PO daily | 0.01-0.25 |

=====PARENTAL=====
^  Drug  ^  Administration  ^  Onset  ^  Duration of Action  ^  Dosage  ^  Adverse Effects and Comments  ^
| Fenoldopam | IV infusion | <5 min | 30 min | 0.1-0.3 µg/kg/min | Tachycardia, nausea, vomiting |
| Sodium nitroprusside | IV infusion | Immediate | 2-3 min | 0.5-10 µg/kg/min (initial dose, 0.25 µg/kg/min for eclampsia and renal insufficiency) | Hypotension, nausea, vomiting, apprehension; risk of thiocyanate and cyanide toxicity is increased in renal and hepatic insufficiency, respectively; levels should be monitored; must shield from light |
| Diazoxide | IV bolus | 15 min | 6-12 h | 50-100 mg q5-10min, up to 600 mg | Hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, hyperglycemia; may exacerbate myocardial ischemia, heart failure, or aortic dissection |
| Labetalol | IV bolus IV infusion | 5-10 min | 3-6 h | 20-80 mg q5-10min, up to 300 mg 0.5-2 mg/min | Hypotension, heart block, heart failure, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, scalp tingling, paradoxical pressor response; may not be effective in patients receiving α- or β-antagonists |
| Nitroglycerin | IV infusion | 1-2 min | 3-5 min | 5-250 µg/min | Headache, nausea, vomiting. Tolerance may develop with prolonged use. |
| Esmolol | IV bolus IV infusion | 1-5 min | 10 min | 500 µg/kg/min for first 1 min 50-300 µg/kg/min | Hypotension, heart block, heart failure, bronchospasm |
| Phentolamine | IV bolus | 1-2 min | 3-10 min | 5-10 mg q5-15min | Hypotension, tachycardia, headache, angina, paradoxical pressor response |
| Hydralazine (for treatment of eclampsia) | IV bolus | 10-20 min | 3-6 h | 10-20 mg q20min (if no effect after 20 mg, try another agent) | Hypotension, fetal distress, tachycardia, headache, nausea, vomiting, local thrombophlebitis. Infusion site should be changed after 12 h. |
| Methyldopate (for treatment of eclampsia) | IV bolus | 30-60 min | 10-16 h | 250-500 mg | Hypotension |
| Nicardipine | IV infusion | 1-5 min | 3-6 h | 5 mg/h, increased by 1.0-2.5 mg/h q15min, up to 15 mg/h | Hypotension, headache, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting |
| Enalaprilat | IV bolus | 5-15 min | 1-6 h | 0.6255 mg q6h | Hypotension |